Police & ForensicsBiometric ID and 3D Crime Scene Scanning
Twenty flashcards on the FBI's biometric identification system and on 3D laser scanners that document crime and crash scenes.
Free to start20 cards
- What is the FBI's NGI system?
- Next Generation Identification: the world's largest and most efficient electronic store of biometric and criminal history data.
- Which biometrics does NGI use besides fingerprints?
- Palm prints, irises and facial recognition.
- When did NGI officially replace IAFIS?
- On September 7, 2014, when IAFIS was decommissioned.
- How was NGI planned?
- Seven increments over seven years, at an estimated $1.2 billion.
- What did IAFIS change when it started in July 1999?
- Searches that took examiners up to 3 months by hand took 2 hours for criminal and 24 hours for civil requests.
- How much did NGI's new matching algorithm raise accuracy?
- From 92 percent to more than 99.6 percent, starting February 2011.
- How much faster did NGI answer?
- From 2 hours to 1 for criminal inquiries and from 24 to 12 for civil, with 90 percent fewer manual reviews.
- What is the RISC rapid search?
- A mobile fingerprint check for officers that answers in less than 10 seconds.
- What does RISC search?
- About 2.5 million fingerprint sets of wanted persons, warrants, convicted sex offenders and known or suspected terrorists.
- How much better are NGI latent print searches?
- Three times more accurate than with the old IAFIS algorithm.
- Which files can a latent print now be searched against?
- The criminal, civil and Unsolved Latent File repositories.
- When did the National Palm Print System start?
- In May 2013.
- What does the Interstate Photo System's face search do?
- Compares a probe photo against over 30 million criminal mug shots and returns ranked candidates as investigative leads.
- How is the NGI Iris Service used today?
- Inmates are scanned on arrival and again when moved or released, to confirm it is the right person, without contact.
- What is Rap Back?
- Ongoing notices about people in positions of trust or under supervision, with no need to repeat background checks.
- How does NGI help identify deceased persons?
- Its DPI Services search the fingerprints against all identities and the DHS and Department of Defense systems.
- What do crime scene units use 3D laser scanners for?
- Bloodstain pattern analysis, traffic-collision data and scene reconstruction, faster and from a safe distance in hazmat events.
- What does a 3D crime scene scanner cost?
- About $50,000; models with extensive features can pass six figures.
- Cost per minute of each documentation method in an NIJ study?
- Hand sketch $0.79, photography $126, 2D diagram $297, 3D scanner $852.
- How precise are 3D scanner measurements?
- Up to 1 mm, against up to ¼ inch for a tape measure.
Official sources
Next Generation Identification (NGI)
NGI Officially Replaces IAFIS: Yields More Options and Investigative Leads, and Increased Identification Accuracy (CJIS Link)
Study Surveys 3D Crime Scene Scanning Devices (TECHBeat, June 2016)
Crime Scene Documentation: Weighing the Merits of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning (January 17, 2022)
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