Endocrine anatomy flashcards

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Twenty flashcards on endocrine anatomy: glands, key hormones and what each hormone does.

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20 cards

Where are steroid hormone receptors found?: Inside the cell, where they often act on genes.
Brain region that controls the pituitary?: Hypothalamus.
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary?: ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin.
Main action of ADH?: Makes the kidneys hold on to water.
Pituitary hormone that drives the thyroid?: TSH.
Best first test of thyroid function?: TSH.
Thyroid hormone most active in tissues?: T3, mostly converted from T4.
Mineral needed to make thyroid hormone?: Iodine.
Hormone that lowers blood calcium?: Calcitonin, from thyroid C cells.
Effects of PTH on the kidney?: Keeps calcium, excretes phosphate and activates vitamin D.
Adrenal cortex hormone that retains sodium?: Aldosterone.
Main stress hormone of the adrenal cortex?: Cortisol.
What does the adrenal medulla release?: Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Pancreatic cells that make insulin?: Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans.
Hormone that raises blood glucose between meals?: Glucagon, from alpha cells.
HbA1c level that diagnoses diabetes?: 6.5 percent or higher.
Pregnancy hormone detected by pregnancy tests?: hCG.
Kidney hormone that drives red cell production?: Erythropoietin (EPO).
Heart hormones released when the walls stretch?: Natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP), which promote sodium and water loss.
Hormone changes at menopause?: Estrogen falls and FSH rises.