Endocrine conditions flashcards
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Twenty flashcards on common gland and hormone conditions: key symptoms, labs, tests and first treatment.
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20 cards
- HbA1c that diagnoses diabetes?
- 6.5% or higher.
- Fasting glucose that diagnoses diabetes?
- 126 mg/dL or higher.
- First-line drug for type 2 diabetes in most adults?
- Metformin.
- DKA lab triad?
- High glucose, anion gap metabolic acidosis, ketones.
- DKA: check what before starting insulin?
- Potassium; replace first if below 3.3 mEq/L.
- Best screening test for thyroid disease?
- TSH.
- Low TSH, high free T4 and bulging eyes?
- Graves disease.
- Treatment of hypothyroidism?
- Levothyroxine.
- Thyroid nodule: first tests?
- TSH and thyroid ultrasound.
- High calcium with high or inappropriately normal PTH?
- Primary hyperparathyroidism.
- Dark skin, low blood pressure, low sodium and high potassium?
- Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease).
- Adrenal crisis: immediate drug?
- IV hydrocortisone, with IV fluids.
- Screening tests for Cushing syndrome?
- Late-night salivary cortisol, 24-hour urine cortisol, or 1 mg dexamethasone suppression.
- Episodes of headache, sweating and palpitations with hypertension?
- Pheochromocytoma.
- Pheochromocytoma before surgery: which blocker first?
- Alpha blocker first, then beta blocker.
- Euvolemic low sodium with concentrated urine?
- SIADH.
- Large dilute urine output and high sodium after head injury?
- Central diabetes insipidus.
- Galactorrhea and missed periods with a pituitary mass?
- Prolactinoma; treat with cabergoline.
- Growing hands, jaw and shoe size in an adult?
- Acromegaly; check IGF-1.
- Components of MEN 2A?
- Medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid hyperplasia.