Genitourinary conditions flashcards
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Twenty flashcards on common urinary tract and male genital conditions: key symptoms, signs, tests and first treatment.
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20 cards
- Sudden severe testicular pain, high-riding testis, no cremasteric reflex?
- Testicular torsion. Urgent surgical detorsion, ideally within 6 hours.
- Most likely cause of epididymitis in a sexually active man under 35?
- Chlamydia or gonorrhea.
- Colicky flank pain spreading to the groin with blood in the urine?
- Kidney stone.
- Best imaging for a suspected kidney stone in a nonpregnant adult?
- Noncontrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis.
- Fever, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness?
- Pyelonephritis.
- First-line treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in a woman?
- Nitrofurantoin for 5 days, or single-dose fosfomycin.
- Painless firm testicular lump in a young man: first test?
- Scrotal ultrasound.
- Tumor markers to order for suspected testicular cancer?
- AFP, beta-hCG and LDH.
- Painless visible blood in the urine in an older smoker?
- Bladder cancer until proven otherwise. Refer for cystoscopy.
- Weak stream, nocturia and a smooth, enlarged prostate in an older man?
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- First-line drug class for bothersome BPH symptoms?
- Alpha-1 blockers such as tamsulosin.
- Who should discuss PSA screening for prostate cancer?
- Men aged 55 to 69, through shared decision making.
- Fever, perineal pain and a very tender, boggy prostate?
- Acute bacterial prostatitis. Avoid vigorous prostate massage.
- Ischemic priapism lasting over 4 hours: first treatment?
- Aspiration of the corpora and intracavernosal phenylephrine.
- Retracted foreskin trapped behind a swollen glans?
- Paraphimosis. Urgent manual reduction after compressing the swelling.
- Fast-spreading perineal infection with skin crepitus and severe pain?
- Fournier gangrene. Urgent surgical debridement and broad IV antibiotics.
- Blood at the urethral meatus after pelvic trauma: what before a Foley?
- Retrograde urethrogram to rule out urethral injury.
- Scrotal mass that feels like a bag of worms, usually on the left?
- Varicocele.
- Painless scrotal swelling that lights up with a penlight?
- Hydrocele.
- Urine leak with coughing or sneezing: first-line treatment?
- Pelvic floor muscle (Kegel) exercises for stress incontinence.