Muscles anatomy flashcards

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Twenty flashcards on muscle anatomy: muscle types, contraction, key muscle groups and strength grading.

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20 cards

Three types of muscle?: Skeletal, cardiac and smooth.
Muscle that closes the eyelids?: Orbicularis oculi, supplied by the facial nerve.
Basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle?: Sarcomere.
Neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?: Acetylcholine.
Ion released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger contraction?: Calcium.
What lets myosin release actin?: ATP; without it muscles stay stiff, as in rigor mortis.
Fiber type built for endurance?: Type I, slow-twitch fibers.
Fiber type built for fast, powerful bursts?: Type II, fast-twitch fibers.
Main effect of resistance training on muscle?: Hypertrophy, meaning larger muscle fibers.
Where is smooth muscle found?: Walls of vessels, gut, airways, bladder and uterus.
Main muscle of breathing?: Diaphragm.
Nerve to the diaphragm?: Phrenic nerve, C3 to C5.
Accessory breathing muscles used in distress?: Sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.
Four rotator cuff muscles?: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis (SITS).
Most commonly torn rotator cuff tendon?: Supraspinatus.
Main elbow flexor that also supinates the forearm?: Biceps brachii.
Action of the quadriceps?: Extends the knee.
Weak muscle behind a positive Trendelenburg sign?: Gluteus medius.
Tendon joining the calf muscles to the heel?: Achilles tendon.
Muscle strength 3 out of 5 means?: Full movement against gravity, but not against resistance.