Pulmonary conditions flashcards
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Twenty flashcards on common lung and airway conditions: key symptoms, signs, tests and first treatment.
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20 cards
- Most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Sudden one-sided chest pain and dyspnea in a tall thin young man?
- Spontaneous pneumothorax.
- Tension pneumothorax: immediate treatment?
- Needle decompression, then a chest tube.
- Best imaging test for suspected PE in a stable patient?
- CT pulmonary angiography.
- Low pretest probability of PE: test that can rule it out?
- A normal D-dimer.
- Spirometry finding that confirms COPD?
- Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC below 0.70.
- First rescue medication in an asthma exacerbation?
- Inhaled short-acting beta-agonist such as albuterol.
- Barking cough and inspiratory stridor in a toddler?
- Croup.
- Drooling, tripod posture and high fever in a child?
- Epiglottitis; secure the airway in a controlled setting.
- Light's criteria: when is pleural fluid an exudate?
- Protein ratio above 0.5, LDH ratio above 0.6, or LDH above two-thirds of the serum upper limit.
- Bilateral hilar lymph nodes with noncaseating granulomas?
- Sarcoidosis.
- Disease confirmed by a positive sweat chloride test?
- Cystic fibrosis.
- Screening tests for latent tuberculosis?
- Tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay.
- Drug of choice for pertussis?
- Azithromycin.
- Most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
- Gold standard test for obstructive sleep apnea?
- Overnight polysomnography.
- First-line treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnea?
- CPAP.
- Lung cancer screening test for heavy smokers aged 50 to 80?
- Yearly low-dose chest CT.
- HIV with CD4 below 200, dry cough and low oxygen?
- Pneumocystis pneumonia; treat with TMP-SMX.
- ARDS: key ventilator strategy?
- Low tidal volume, about 6 mL/kg of ideal body weight.