Renal conditions flashcards
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Twenty flashcards on common kidney, fluid and electrolyte conditions: key signs, tests and first treatment.
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20 cards
- Acute kidney injury by creatinine (KDIGO)?
- Rise of 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, or 1.5 times baseline within 7 days.
- Acute kidney injury by urine output (KDIGO)?
- Less than 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 hours or more.
- FENa below 1% in acute kidney injury suggests?
- A prerenal cause, such as low volume.
- Muddy brown granular casts in the urine?
- Acute tubular necrosis.
- Definition of chronic kidney disease?
- eGFR under 60 or signs of kidney damage for more than 3 months.
- Most common cause of chronic kidney disease in the US?
- Diabetes.
- First drug class for CKD with albuminuria and high blood pressure?
- ACE inhibitor or ARB.
- Drug class added to slow CKD progression, with or without diabetes?
- SGLT2 inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin or empagliflozin.
- Hyperkalemia with ECG changes: first drug?
- IV calcium to stabilize the heart muscle.
- Earliest ECG sign of hyperkalemia?
- Peaked T waves.
- Drugs that shift potassium into cells?
- IV insulin with glucose, and nebulized albuterol.
- Urgent dialysis indications (AEIOU)?
- Acidosis, Electrolytes, Intoxication, Overload, Uremia, when not responding to other treatment.
- Anion gap formula and normal value?
- Sodium minus chloride and bicarbonate. Normal about 8 to 12.
- Dark urine, dipstick positive for blood, but no red cells seen?
- Myoglobin from rhabdomyolysis.
- Lab that confirms rhabdomyolysis?
- Creatine kinase at least 5 times the upper limit of normal.
- First treatment of rhabdomyolysis?
- Early, generous IV isotonic fluids.
- Bilateral flank masses, hypertension and a family history of kidney disease?
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
- Young woman with hard-to-control hypertension and an abdominal bruit?
- Renal artery stenosis from fibromuscular dysplasia.
- Child with a smooth, painless abdominal mass that does not cross the midline?
- Wilms tumor.
- Leg edema, lung crackles and raised neck veins: first drug?
- IV loop diuretic such as furosemide.