Respiratory anatomy flashcards
Study the cards, then practice on the patient.
Twenty flashcards on the respiratory system: airway anatomy, lungs, breathing mechanics, gas transport and control of breathing.
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20 cards
- Main jobs of the nose in breathing?
- Warm, humidify and filter the air.
- Narrowest part of the adult airway?
- The glottis, at the vocal cords.
- Flap that covers the larynx during swallowing?
- Epiglottis.
- Only complete cartilage ring of the airway?
- Cricoid cartilage.
- Level where the trachea splits?
- Carina, at about T4 to T5 (sternal angle).
- Main bronchus where aspirated objects usually go?
- Right, because it is wider, shorter and more vertical.
- Cells that make surfactant?
- Type II pneumocytes.
- What does surfactant do?
- Lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse.
- Number of lobes in each lung?
- Right 3, left 2.
- Main muscle of quiet breathing?
- Diaphragm.
- Nerve to the diaphragm?
- Phrenic nerve, from C3 to C5.
- Is quiet exhalation active or passive?
- Passive, from the elastic recoil of the lungs.
- Normal adult tidal volume?
- About 500 mL.
- Air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
- Residual volume.
- FEV1/FVC ratio that suggests obstruction?
- Below 0.70.
- How is most oxygen carried in the blood?
- Bound to hemoglobin, about 98 percent.
- Main form of CO2 transport in the blood?
- Bicarbonate in plasma.
- Right shift of the oxygen curve means?
- Hemoglobin releases oxygen more easily, as with fever, acid or high CO2.
- Main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- Rising arterial CO2 sensed by central chemoreceptors.
- Why place a towel under an infant's shoulders?
- The large occiput flexes the neck; the towel keeps the airway neutral.