Urinary and fluids anatomy flashcards

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Twenty flashcards on the kidneys and body fluids: nephron, urine formation, hormones, fluid compartments and acid-base balance.

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20 cards

Functional unit of the kidney?: Nephron.
Where is blood filtered in the kidney?: Glomerulus.
Segment that reabsorbs most sodium and water?: Proximal convoluted tubule, about 65 percent.
Where do loop diuretics act?: Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Where do thiazide diuretics act?: Distal convoluted tubule.
Hormone that makes collecting ducts reabsorb water?: ADH (vasopressin).
Aldosterone effect on the kidney?: Keeps sodium and excretes potassium.
Enzyme the kidney releases when perfusion falls?: Renin.
Normal GFR in a healthy young adult?: Roughly 90 to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Minimum normal adult urine output?: At least 0.5 mL/kg/h.
Most common place for a kidney stone to lodge?: Ureterovesical junction.
Why do women get more bladder infections?: Their urethra is shorter.
Positive urine nitrite suggests?: Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli.
Total body water in an adult man?: About 60 percent of body weight.
How is body water split?: Two thirds inside cells, one third outside.
Main cation outside cells?: Sodium.
Main cation inside cells?: Potassium.
Normal arterial pH?: 7.35 to 7.45.
Low pH, low bicarbonate and low PaCO2 mean?: Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation.
Anion gap formula?: Sodium minus (chloride plus bicarbonate); normal about 8 to 12 mEq/L.