Medical conditions

Learn it here, then practice it on the patient.

690 medical conditions explained simply for MD / DO, PA, nursing and EMS students, each with real Making Synapses patient cases to practice.

Cardiovascular

Acute arterial embolism

Acute pericarditis

Anterior STEMI

Aortic dissection

Aortic stenosis

Arteriovenous malformation of a limb

Atherosclerosis risk visit

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial flutter

Atrial septal defect

Atrial tachycardia

Atrioventricular block

Bundle branch block

Cardiac tamponade

Cardiogenic shock

Chronic heart failure follow-up

Chronic venous insufficiency

Coarctation of the aorta

Deep venous thrombosis (outpatient)

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Giant cell arteritis

Hypertensive emergency

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypovolemic shock

Idioventricular rhythm

Infective endocarditis

Junctional rhythm

Lipid disorder

Mitral regurgitation

Myocarditis

NSTEMI

Obstructive shock

Orthostatic hypotension

Patent ductus arteriosus

Patent foramen ovale

Pericardial effusion

Peripheral artery disease

Premature ventricular contractions

Primary hypertension

Pulmonic stenosis

QT prolongation

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Secondary hypertension

Septic (distributive) shock

Sick sinus syndrome

Sinus arrhythmia

Stable angina

Stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy

Superficial thrombophlebitis

Tetralogy of Fallot

Torsades de pointes

Transposition of the great vessels

Tricuspid regurgitation

Unstable angina

Varicose veins

Vasovagal syncope

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular septal defect

Ventricular tachycardia

Dermatology

Acanthosis nigricans

Acne vulgaris

Actinic keratosis

Alopecia areata

Atopic dermatitis

Benign skin tumor (dermatofibroma)

Bullous pemphigoid

Burn

Cellulitis

Cherry angioma

Common warts

Condyloma acuminatum

Contact dermatitis

Cutaneous candidiasis

Drug eruption

Dysplastic nevus

Epidermal inclusion cyst

Erysipelas

Erythema multiforme

Folliculitis

Hand eczema (dyshidrotic)

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

Head lice

Herpes simplex (cold sores)

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Impetigo

Infantile hemangioma

Insect bite reaction

Laceration

Lichen planus

Melanoma

Melasma

Molluscum contagiosum

Onychomycosis

Paronychia / felon

Pemphigus vulgaris

Perioral dermatitis

Photosensitivity reaction

Pilonidal disease

Pityriasis rosea

Pressure injury

Psoriasis

Purpura

Rosacea

Scabies

Seborrheic dermatitis

Seborrheic keratosis

Stasis dermatitis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Telangiectasia

Tinea corporis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Urticaria

Viral exanthem

Vitiligo

Emergency (EMS)

Abdominal pain

Active shooter casualty

Acute pulmonary edema

Agitated patient with excited delirium

Airway management

Altered mental status

Anaphylaxis from a bee sting

BRUE in an infant

Back pain with red flags

Beta-blocker overdose

Blast injury

Blocked tracheostomy

Bronchiolitis in an infant

Burns

Calcium channel blocker overdose

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest with a DNR order

Chemical burn to the skin

Chlorine gas exposure

Croup

Crush injury

Cyanide poisoning from smoke

Deaf patient with a service dog

Diving injury

Drowning

Eclampsia

Facial trauma with airway risk

Fall from a ladder

Fentanyl overdose in the field

Head injury

Heat stroke

High-altitude illness

High-voltage electrical injury

Hospice patient in distress

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state

Hypoglycemia

Hypothermia

Imminent childbirth

Lightning strike

Mass casualty triage

Nausea and vomiting

Neonatal resuscitation

Obvious death

Older man feeling weak (full assessment)

Organophosphate poisoning

Pain management

Patient with an LVAD

Pepper spray exposure

Post-cardiac arrest care

Radiation exposure

Rattlesnake bite

Refusal after hypoglycemia treatment

STEMI in the field

Septic shock

Severe arm bleeding

Sickle cell crisis

Spinal injury after diving

Status epilepticus

Stimulant overdose

Stroke in the field

Supraventricular tachycardia

Suspected child abuse

Symptomatic bradycardia

Syncope

TASER injury

Termination of resuscitation

Third-trimester bleeding

Traumatic cardiac arrest

Unknown overdose (tricyclic)

Ventilator patient transfer

Endocrine

Acromegaly

Cushing disease

Cushing syndrome

Diabetes insipidus

Goiter

Hyperthyroidism (Graves)

Hypogonadism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Metabolic syndrome

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Paraneoplastic syndrome (hypercalcemia)

Pheochromocytoma

Pituitary adenoma

Primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison)

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Prolactinoma

SIADH

Short stature (growth hormone deficiency)

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid nodule

Thyroiditis

Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Eyes, ears, nose and throat

Acoustic neuroma

Acute angle-closure glaucoma

Acute otitis media

Acute sinusitis

Allergic rhinitis

Amaurosis fugax

Amblyopia

Angioedema

Aphthous ulcers

Barotrauma of the ear

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Benign vocal cord nodule

Blepharitis

Cataract

Central retinal artery occlusion

Cerumen impaction

Chalazion

Cholesteatoma

Conductive hearing loss

Conjunctivitis

Contact lens keratitis

Corneal abrasion

Corneal ulcer

Dacryoadenitis

Dacryocystitis

Dacryostenosis (infant)

Deep neck infection

Dental abscess

Dental caries

Diabetic retinopathy

Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

Ectropion

Entropion

Epiglottitis

Epistaxis

Eustachian tube dysfunction

Foreign body in the ear or nose

Gingivitis

Globe rupture

Head and neck cancer

Herpes simplex keratitis

Hordeolum (stye)

Hyphema

Iritis

Labyrinthitis

Laryngitis

Leukoplakia

Macular degeneration

Mastoiditis

Meniere disease

Nasal polyps

Nystagmus

Optic neuritis

Oral candidiasis (thrush)

Orbital blowout fracture

Orbital cellulitis

Otitis externa

Otosclerosis

Papilledema

Parotitis

Periorbital cellulitis

Peritonsillar abscess

Presbyopia

Pterygium

Retinal detachment

Scleritis

Sensorineural hearing loss

Sialadenitis

Strabismus

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Tinnitus

Tympanic membrane perforation

Uveitis

Gastrointestinal

Achalasia

Acute appendicitis

Acute cholecystitis

Acute diarrhea

Acute hepatitis

Acute pancreatitis

Anal fissure

Ascending cholangitis

Benign liver lesion

Celiac disease

Chronic cholecystitis

Chronic hepatitis

Chronic pancreatitis

Cirrhosis

Colon polyps

Colorectal cancer

Constipation

Diverticulitis

Esophageal stricture

Esophageal varices bleeding

Esophagitis

Fatty liver disease

Fecal impaction

Food allergy

Foreign body ingestion (child)

Gastritis

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroparesis

Hemorrhoids

Hyperemesis

Ileus

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inguinal hernia

Irritable bowel syndrome

Large bowel obstruction

Malabsorption

Mallory-Weiss tear

Mesenteric ischemia

Obesity

Peptic ulcer disease

Perianal abscess / fistula

Phenylketonuria

Portal hypertension

Pyloric stenosis (infant)

Rectal prolapse

Refeeding syndrome

Rickets

Small bowel obstruction

Small bowel polyps (Peutz-Jeghers)

Symptomatic cholelithiasis

Toxic megacolon

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Zenker diverticulum

Genitourinary

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Bladder cancer

Cryptorchidism

Cystitis

Epididymitis

Erectile dysfunction

Fournier gangrene

Genitourinary trauma

Hydrocele / varicocele

Hypospadias

Kidney stone

Orchitis

Overactive bladder

Paraphimosis

Pelvic organ (bladder) prolapse

Penile cancer

Peyronie disease

Priapism

Prostate cancer

Prostatitis

Pyelonephritis

Testicular cancer

Testicular torsion

Urethral prolapse

Urethral stricture

Urethritis

Urinary incontinence

Vesicoureteral reflux

Hematology

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

G6PD deficiency

Hemochromatosis

Hemophilia

Immune thrombocytopenia

Immunodeficiency

Iron deficiency anemia

Lymphoma

Multiple myeloma

Myelodysplastic syndrome

Neutropenia

Polycythemia vera

Sickle cell disease

Thalassemia

Thrombocytosis

Infectious disease

Amebiasis

Atypical mycobacterial infection

Blastomycosis

Botulism

COVID-19

Campylobacter enteritis

Cat scratch disease (Bartonella)

Chancroid

Chickenpox

Chlamydia

Cholera

Clostridioides difficile infection

Coccidioidomycosis

Congenital Zika

Congenital varicella

Cryptococcal meningitis

Cytomegalovirus infection

Diphtheria

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Genital herpes

Giardiasis

Gonorrhea

Group B streptococcus (newborn)

HIV / AIDS

HPV infection

Helminth infestation

Histoplasmosis

Infectious mononucleosis

Influenza

Invasive candidiasis

Lyme disease

MRSA skin abscess

Malaria

Measles

Mumps

Neonatal herpes simplex

Perinatal HPV (respiratory papillomatosis)

Pinworms

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Polio

Prion disease (Creutzfeldt-Jakob)

Rabies exposure

Rheumatic fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Roseola

Rubella

Salmonellosis

Sepsis

Shigellosis

Syphilis

Tetanus

Toxoplasmosis

Trichomoniasis

Musculoskeletal

Ankle sprain

Ankylosing spondylitis

Avascular necrosis of the hip

Benign bone tumor

Compartment syndrome

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Distal radius fracture

Fibromyalgia

Gout

Herniated disk

Hip fracture

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Kyphosis

Low back strain

Mixed connective tissue disease

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Osteoarthritis

Osteomyelitis

Osteoporosis

Osteosarcoma

Paget disease of bone

Patellar tendon rupture

Pectus excavatum

Polyarteritis nodosa

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Polymyositis

Reactive arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rib fracture

Rotator cuff tear

Scoliosis

Septic arthritis

Sjogren syndrome

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Spinal stenosis

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolysis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic sclerosis

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Torticollis

Vertebral compression fracture

Neurology

Bacterial meningitis

Bell palsy (cranial nerve palsy)

Brain arteriovenous malformation

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Cauda equina syndrome

Cerebral aneurysm (subarachnoid hemorrhage)

Cerebral palsy

Cluster headache

Coma

Complex regional pain syndrome

Concussion

Delirium

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Encephalitis

Essential tremor

Focal seizure

Generalized seizure

Glioblastoma

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Hepatic encephalopathy

Huntington disease

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Meningioma

Migraine

Mild cognitive impairment

Multiple sclerosis

Myasthenia gravis

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Postconcussion syndrome

Restless legs syndrome

Spinal cord injury

Spinal epidural abscess

Tension headache

Tourette disorder

Transient ischemic attack

Traumatic brain injury

Nursing care

ADHD with weight loss

Acute asthma attack

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Anaphylaxis in a child

Anorexia nervosa with dehydration

Bleeding after prostatectomy

Burns of both legs

COPD exacerbation

COPD with pneumonia

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection

Chest pain

Child with diarrhea and dehydration

Compartment syndrome under a cast

Deep vein thrombosis

Dehydration with Alzheimer and delirium

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Ectopic pregnancy

Electroconvulsive therapy

Fall risk at home

Febrile seizure

Gastroesophageal reflux

Gestational diabetes

HIV with Pneumocystis pneumonia

Heart failure

Hypoglycemia at school

Intimate partner violence in pregnancy

Intussusception

Ischemic stroke

Liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy

Lymphedema after mastectomy

Neonatal jaundice

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Newborn respiratory distress

Opioid overdose in the waiting room

Opioid withdrawal after surgery

Pain after abdominal surgery

Parkinson disease

Peritoneal dialysis peritonitis

Post-operative atelectasis

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Postpartum hemorrhage

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Preeclampsia with magnesium toxicity

Pressure injury in a wheelchair user

Pulmonary embolism after DVT

Sickle cell pain crisis

Spine surgery with saturated dressing

Suicide attempt by overdose

Tardive dyskinesia

Tension pneumothorax

Transfusion reaction

Tuberculosis

Urinary tract infection with delirium

Psychiatry

ADHD

Adjustment disorder

Alcohol use disorder

Anorexia nervosa

Autism spectrum disorder

Bereavement

Bipolar disorder

Child abuse

Conduct disorder

Dissociative disorder

Elder abuse

Gender dysphoria

Generalized anxiety disorder

Insomnia

Intimate partner violence

Major depressive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Opioid use disorder

Panic disorder

Persistent depressive disorder

Personality disorder

Physical abuse (adult)

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure

Psychological abuse

Schizophrenia

Sexual assault

Somatic symptom disorder

Specific phobia

Suicidal ideation

Renal

Acute kidney injury

Chronic kidney disease

Horseshoe kidney

Hydronephrosis

Hyperkalemia

Hypervolemia

Metabolic acidosis

Polycystic kidney disease

Renal artery stenosis

Renal cell carcinoma

Rhabdomyolysis

Wilms tumor

Reproductive health

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Bartholin gland cyst

Benign ovarian tumor

Breast abscess

Breast cancer

Breech presentation

Cervical dysplasia

Cervical insufficiency

Cervicitis

Cesarean delivery aftercare

Contraception counseling

Cystocele

Endometriosis

Fetal distress

Fibroadenoma

Fibrocystic breast changes

Galactorrhea

Gynecomastia

Infertility

Mastitis

Menopause

Molar pregnancy

Normal labor

Ovarian cyst

Ovarian torsion

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Placenta previa

Placental abruption

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Postpartum depression

Postpartum visit

Preeclampsia

Prelabor rupture of membranes

Prenatal visit

Psychological trauma in pregnancy

Rectocele

Rh incompatibility

Sexual assault in pregnancy

Sexual health visit

Sheehan syndrome

Shoulder dystocia

Spontaneous abortion

Trauma in pregnancy

Twin pregnancy

Umbilical cord prolapse

Uterine fibroids

Uterine prolapse

Vaginal vault prolapse

Vaginitis

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